{"id":28557,"date":"2025-08-27T13:01:11","date_gmt":"2025-08-27T11:01:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.cubro.com\/en\/?page_id=28557"},"modified":"2025-08-27T15:40:38","modified_gmt":"2025-08-27T13:40:38","slug":"l4-aggregation-and-filtering","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.cubro.com\/en\/why-cubro\/l4-aggregation-and-filtering\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00a0L4 Aggregation and Filtering"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-getwid-section alignfull alignfull getwid-section-content-full-width\"><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-section__wrapper\" style=\"padding-top:50px;padding-bottom:30px\"><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-section__inner-wrapper\"><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-section__background-holder\"><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-section__background has-background\" style=\"background-color:#4c667a\"><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-section__foreground\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-section__content\"><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-section__inner-content\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns are-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:60%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-getwid-advanced-heading has-custom-font-size\" id=\"g85f04e903854\" style=\"font-size:54px\"><h1 class=\"wp-block-getwid-advanced-heading__content has-text-color has-nv-site-bg-color\" style=\"text-align:center;font-weight:300;line-height:65px\">Understanding Layer 4 Aggregation and Filtering in Network Visibility<\/h1><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-getwid-section\"><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-section__wrapper\"><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-section__inner-wrapper\"><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-section__background-holder\"><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-section__background\"><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-section__foreground\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-section__content\"><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-section__inner-content\"><nav aria-label=\"breadcrumbs\" class=\"rank-math-breadcrumb\"><p><span class=\"last\">Home<\/span><\/p><\/nav>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"nv-cv-m wp-block-getwid-section alignwide alignfull alignfull\"><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-section__wrapper getwid-padding-top-normal\"><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-section__inner-wrapper\"><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-section__background-holder\"><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-section__background\"><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-section__foreground\" style=\"background-color:var(--nv-site-bg)\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-section__content\"><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-section__inner-content\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns are-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-getwid-advanced-heading has-custom-font-size\" style=\"font-size:30px\"><span class=\"wp-block-getwid-advanced-heading__content has-text-color\" style=\"text-align:center;color:#60797b\">Content Guide<\/span><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container ticss-9a863615 uagb-layout-flex uagb-block-2e798cda default uagb-is-root-container\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-getwid-table-of-contents alignwide is-style-default\"><ul class=\"wp-block-getwid-table-of-contents__list\"><li><a href=\"#gde553645c352\">Introduction to Layer 4 Aggregation and Filtering<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#ga0bc878dc8e5\">What is Aggregation?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#gd2aefbfaeb66\">Load Balancing and Aggregation<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#g0a05daef0d5e\">What is Filtering?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#g27ab6df0e4f2\">The Deployment Architecture<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#g49af37969740\">Simple Use Case Scenario<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#ge0f20f28a5c3\">Conclusion<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-getwid-advanced-heading\" id=\"gde553645c352\"><h2 class=\"wp-block-getwid-advanced-heading__content has-text-color\" style=\"text-align:center;color:#4c667a\">Introduction to Layer 4 Aggregation and Filtering<\/h2><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>In modern high-speed networks, it&#8217;s not often feasible to monitor all traffic due to the high bandwidth. Tapping links and analysing every packet can overwhelm monitoring tools and increase costs. Aggregation and filtering provide an effective way to optimise visibility, reduce tool load, and maintain accurate monitoring coverage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In passive visibility architectures, <strong>TAPs<\/strong> (Test Access Points) copy traffic from critical network links and <strong>Network<\/strong> <strong>Packet brokers<\/strong> aggregate and filter the traffic before it&#8217;s sent to tools. With this setup, TAPs ensure no packets are missed. Packet brokers forward packets relevant to the analytics tools, and the bandwidth requirement of the tools is reduced. It enables lawful interception, compliance monitoring, threat detection, and more.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"nv-cv-m wp-block-getwid-section alignfull alignfull\"><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-section__wrapper getwid-padding-top-large\"><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-section__inner-wrapper\"><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-section__background-holder\"><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-section__background has-background\" style=\"background-color:#4c667a\"><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-section__foreground\" style=\"opacity:0.7;background-color:var(--nv-site-bg)\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-section__content\"><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-section__inner-content\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-getwid-advanced-heading\" id=\"ga0bc878dc8e5\"><h2 class=\"wp-block-getwid-advanced-heading__content has-text-color\" style=\"text-align:center;color:#4c667a\">What is Aggregation?<\/h2><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Aggregation is commonly used in networking. Aggregation can refer to several different scenarios.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Link aggregation or NIC bonding treats multiple links as a single logical link with various options such as load balancing or fault tolerance. Often, the term Link Aggregation Group (LAG) is used to define the bundling of interfaces.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>On the receiving end, it is typical to receive packets from a high number of links or Spanned ports. Usually, the input links are utilising only a portion of the available bandwidth. Especially when the link utilisation is low (10-40%), a lot of output links can be saved if input links are aggregated together. While this can be beneficial in reducing the number of output links, careful consideration is needed to define the aggregation factor, taking into account microbursts.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For example, if there are two input links with an average of 50% link utilisation, aggregating them to one link has a risk of oversubscription since both links may experience peak traffic. Oversubscription means that the output link would have more bandwidth than it can carry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Aggregation can be performed in various configurations, such as many-to-one, many-to-many, or one-to-many. In certain use cases, the term <em>traffic forwarding<\/em> may more accurately describe the process than <em>aggregation<\/em>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Let\u2019s focus on an example where we have four 25G inputs and the monitoring tool has a 100G input. In this case, we aggregate all the inputs and send them to one 100G output.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"688\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cubro.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/CUB-TechGraphic-AggregationInputOutput-ManyToOne-Web-1280x688.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-28555\" style=\"width:573px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.cubro.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/CUB-TechGraphic-AggregationInputOutput-ManyToOne-Web-1280x688.png 1280w, https:\/\/www.cubro.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/CUB-TechGraphic-AggregationInputOutput-ManyToOne-Web-480x258.png 480w, https:\/\/www.cubro.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/CUB-TechGraphic-AggregationInputOutput-ManyToOne-Web-240x129.png 240w, https:\/\/www.cubro.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/CUB-TechGraphic-AggregationInputOutput-ManyToOne-Web-768x413.png 768w, https:\/\/www.cubro.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/CUB-TechGraphic-AggregationInputOutput-ManyToOne-Web.png 1500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:44px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>The benefits of aggregation or traffic forwarding include a reduction of the number of monitoring ports required and the ability to send traffic to several tools. Aggregation as such is rather a primitive function, but it is greatly enhanced with the capability of load balancing and filtering.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"nv-cv-d nv-cv-m wp-block-getwid-section alignfull alignfull\"><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-section__wrapper getwid-padding-top-large\"><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-section__inner-wrapper\"><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-section__background-holder\"><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-section__background\"><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-section__foreground\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-section__content\"><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-section__inner-content\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-getwid-advanced-heading\" id=\"gd2aefbfaeb66\"><h2 class=\"wp-block-getwid-advanced-heading__content has-text-color\" style=\"text-align:center;color:#4c667a\">Load Balancing and Aggregation<\/h2><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Let\u2019s take an example of aggregation and load balancing. A 100G link is tapped using an optical TAP. Both Rx and Tx are sent to a network packet broker (NPB), which aggregates Rx and Tx into one or several outputs sent to monitoring tool ports.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Monitoring tools do not always support 100G, but support lower bandwidths such as 25G or 10G, and therefore, the 100G input needs to be converted to four 25G monitoring tool inputs. This setup requires load balancing that divides the 100G input into equal bandwidths of four times 25G each.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It is beneficial for the monitoring tool to get the full flow of a specific user to one port only. This is especially important with overlay networks that have implemented tunnelling protocols. Load balancing based on the tunnelling protocol headers will not achieve the intended goal. Inner IP (original IP address of the packet) based load balancing allows subscriber-level load balancing even if overlay tunnelling protocols are used.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"688\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cubro.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/CUB-TechGraphic-AggregationInputOutput-OneToMany-Web-1280x688.png\" alt=\"technical graphic of Cubro showing Aggregation Input and Output - One to Many\" class=\"wp-image-28556\" style=\"width:558px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.cubro.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/CUB-TechGraphic-AggregationInputOutput-OneToMany-Web-1280x688.png 1280w, https:\/\/www.cubro.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/CUB-TechGraphic-AggregationInputOutput-OneToMany-Web-480x258.png 480w, https:\/\/www.cubro.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/CUB-TechGraphic-AggregationInputOutput-OneToMany-Web-240x129.png 240w, https:\/\/www.cubro.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/CUB-TechGraphic-AggregationInputOutput-OneToMany-Web-768x413.png 768w, https:\/\/www.cubro.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/CUB-TechGraphic-AggregationInputOutput-OneToMany-Web.png 1500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:43px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>This example may not be exactly an aggregation use case; it is more about traffic forwarding and load balancing. In reality, aggregation is usually combined with load balancing and filtering.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"nv-cv-d nv-cv-m wp-block-getwid-section alignfull alignfull\"><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-section__wrapper getwid-padding-top-large\"><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-section__inner-wrapper\"><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-section__background-holder\"><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-section__background has-background\" style=\"background-color:#4c667a\"><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-section__foreground\" style=\"opacity:0.7;background-color:var(--nv-site-bg)\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-section__content\"><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-section__inner-content\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-getwid-advanced-heading\" id=\"g0a05daef0d5e\"><h2 class=\"wp-block-getwid-advanced-heading__content has-text-color\" style=\"text-align:center;color:#4c667a\">What is Filtering?<\/h2><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Filtering allows selective forwarding of traffic based on defined criteria. In other words, it means that packets are compared to the filtering criteria and are either sent for further processing or dropped.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Network Packet brokers can typically perform filtering up to Layer 4. Packets can be inspected by Layer 2 (MAC addresses, VLANs), Layer 3 (IP addresses) and Layer 4 (protocols such as TCP and UDP). Filtering is thus capable of matching five tuples (source and destination IP address, source and destination port and protocol). Depending on the NPB, there are various ways in which the filtering criteria can be given, for example, some NPBs allow wildcard matching.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Some examples of Layer 4 filtering include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Forward only TCP port 443 (HTTPS) traffic<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Drop all DNS traffic (UDP port 53)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Filter based on application type by inspecting port\/protocol combinations<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The purpose of filtering is to reduce noise, remove unwanted packets, and send only necessary packets to the monitoring tools. When aggregation and filtering are applied together up to Layer 4, the result is an optimised traffic flow directed to tools with only what\u2019s required for each tool.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"nv-cv-d nv-cv-m wp-block-getwid-section alignfull alignfull\"><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-section__wrapper getwid-padding-top-large\"><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-section__inner-wrapper\"><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-section__background-holder\"><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-section__background\"><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-section__foreground\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-section__content\"><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-section__inner-content\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-getwid-advanced-heading\" id=\"g27ab6df0e4f2\"><h2 class=\"wp-block-getwid-advanced-heading__content has-text-color\" style=\"text-align:center;color:#4c667a\">The Deployment Architecture<\/h2><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>TAP and Network Packet Broker architecture is straightforward. TAPs are installed inline on critical network links supporting bandwidths that range from 1G to 400G. TAPs are passive and fail-safe. A TAP duplicates both directions of traffic and connects to NPB via optical or electrical ports, depending on the TAP type.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"938\" height=\"284\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cubro.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/graphic_aggregation_general.png\" alt=\"technical graphic of Cubro showing aggregation\" class=\"wp-image-14105\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.cubro.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/graphic_aggregation_general.png 938w, https:\/\/www.cubro.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/graphic_aggregation_general-480x145.png 480w, https:\/\/www.cubro.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/graphic_aggregation_general-240x73.png 240w, https:\/\/www.cubro.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/graphic_aggregation_general-768x233.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 938px) 100vw, 938px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:53px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Network Packet Broker is positioned between TAPs and monitoring tools, collects multiple inputs from TAPs, applies aggregation and filtering rules and forwards load-balanced packets to one or multiple monitoring systems.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"nv-cv-d nv-cv-m wp-block-getwid-section alignfull alignfull getwid-margin-bottom-normal\"><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-section__wrapper getwid-padding-top-large\"><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-section__inner-wrapper\"><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-section__background-holder\"><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-section__background has-background\" style=\"background-color:#4c667a\"><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-section__foreground\" style=\"opacity:0.7;background-color:var(--nv-site-bg)\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-section__content\"><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-section__inner-content\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-getwid-advanced-heading\" id=\"g49af37969740\"><h2 class=\"wp-block-getwid-advanced-heading__content has-text-color\" style=\"text-align:center;color:#4c667a\">Simple Use Case Scenario<\/h2><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Problem<\/strong>: A security team needs to monitor application traffic from 1G links but is only interested in HTTP, HTTPS and FTP traffic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Solution<\/strong>: TAPs are installed on the 1G links and provide packets for the NPB. Some of the switches send packets using spanned ports directly to the NPB.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cubro.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/pic1_financial-institution_trellix-web-1280x640.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-28563\" style=\"width:724px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.cubro.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/pic1_financial-institution_trellix-web-1280x640.png 1280w, https:\/\/www.cubro.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/pic1_financial-institution_trellix-web-480x240.png 480w, https:\/\/www.cubro.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/pic1_financial-institution_trellix-web-240x120.png 240w, https:\/\/www.cubro.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/pic1_financial-institution_trellix-web-768x384.png 768w, https:\/\/www.cubro.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/pic1_financial-institution_trellix-web.png 1438w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>The packet broker receives the packets from the TAPs and spanned ports, aggregates upstream\/downstream streams, filters Layer 4 traffic on TCP ports 80, 443, and 21 and forwards filtered traffic to the IDS\/monitoring tool.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Outcome<\/strong>: Reduced tool load, faster analysis, focused visibility.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The NPB in this example is the smallest model of the NPB family, but the principle is the same also for models that support higher bandwidth.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"nv-cv-d nv-cv-m wp-block-getwid-section alignfull alignfull\"><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-section__wrapper getwid-padding-top-large getwid-padding-bottom-normal\"><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-section__inner-wrapper\"><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-section__background-holder\"><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-section__background has-background\" style=\"background-color:#4c667a\"><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-section__foreground\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-section__content\"><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-section__inner-content\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-getwid-advanced-heading\" id=\"ge0f20f28a5c3\"><h2 class=\"wp-block-getwid-advanced-heading__content has-text-color has-nv-text-dark-bg-color\" style=\"text-align:center\">Conclusion<\/h2><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-nv-site-bg-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-ac1fbcf31ac8e494ba9a3752d965f747\">Layer 4 aggregation and filtering are vital techniques in the network visibility stack. Combined with TAPs and packet brokers, they enable organisations to capture the right traffic, at the right time, for the right tools, without dropping packets. As networks become increasingly complex, these functions play a vital role in maintaining control and performance.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"nv-cv-d nv-cv-m wp-block-getwid-section alignfull alignfull getwid-margin-top-large\"><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-section__wrapper\"><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-section__inner-wrapper\"><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-section__background-holder\"><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-section__background\"><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-section__foreground\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-section__content\"><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-section__inner-content\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-getwid-advanced-heading has-custom-font-size\" style=\"font-size:42px\"><p class=\"wp-block-getwid-advanced-heading__content has-text-color\" style=\"text-align:center;font-weight:300;line-height:50px;color:#4c667a\">Additional Pages &amp; Resources<\/p><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column border-soft-lightgray is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"lazyblock-linked-box-1oaR43 wp-block-lazyblock-linked-box\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cubro.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/CUB-L4AggregationAndFiltering-AN.pdf\" target=\"_blank\"><div class=\"linked_box max-height-120\" style=\"text-align:center;\"><div class=\"default-content\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cubro.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/resources_application-notes.png\" alt=\"Cubro Network Visibility icon of Application Notes\" \/><p class=\"linked-title\">\u00a0L4 Aggregation and Filtering &#8211; Application Note<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column border-soft-lightgray is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"lazyblock-linked-box-I1scj wp-block-lazyblock-linked-box\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cubro.com\/en\/products\/network-packet-brokers\/\"><div class=\"linked_box max-height-120\" style=\"text-align:center;\"><div class=\"default-content\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cubro.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/products-npb-exa32100a.png\" alt=\"product image of the network packet broker exa32100a of Cubro Network Visibility\" \/><p class=\"linked-title\">Network Packet Broker<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column border-soft-lightgray is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"lazyblock-linked-box-Z97nTm wp-block-lazyblock-linked-box\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cubro.com\/en\/products\/network-taps\/optical-taps\/\"><div class=\"linked_box max-height-120\" style=\"text-align:center;\"><div class=\"default-content\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cubro.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/products_opt-taps-anchor_Bidi.png\" alt=\"Cubro Network Visibility product icon of Bidi TAP\" \/><p class=\"linked-title\">Optical TAPs<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"nv-cv-d nv-cv-m wp-block-getwid-section\" style=\"margin-top:30px\"><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-section__wrapper\"><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-section__inner-wrapper\"><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-section__background-holder\"><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-section__background\"><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-section__foreground\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-section__content\"><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-section__inner-content\">\n<div id=\"npb-contact-anchor\" class=\"wp-block-getwid-section\"><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-section__wrapper\"><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-section__inner-wrapper\"><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-section__background-holder\"><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-section__background\"><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-section__foreground\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-section__content\"><div 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It is concise and has interesting content to keep you updated with what\u2019s new at Cubro and in the industry. You can unsubscribe anytime with a single click.<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"spalte\"><!-- Begin Brevo Form -->\r\n<!-- START - We recommend to place the below code in head tag of your website html  -->\r\n<style>\r\n  @font-face {\r\n    font-display: block;\r\n    font-family: Roboto;\r\n    src: url(https:\/\/assets.brevo.com\/font\/Roboto\/Latin\/normal\/normal\/7529907e9eaf8ebb5220c5f9850e3811.woff2) format(\"woff2\"), url(https:\/\/assets.brevo.com\/font\/Roboto\/Latin\/normal\/normal\/25c678feafdc175a70922a116c9be3e7.woff) format(\"woff\")\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  @font-face {\r\n    font-display: fallback;\r\n    font-family: Roboto;\r\n    font-weight: 600;\r\n    src: url(https:\/\/assets.brevo.com\/font\/Roboto\/Latin\/medium\/normal\/6e9caeeafb1f3491be3e32744bc30440.woff2) format(\"woff2\"), url(https:\/\/assets.brevo.com\/font\/Roboto\/Latin\/medium\/normal\/71501f0d8d5aa95960f6475d5487d4c2.woff) format(\"woff\")\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  @font-face {\r\n    font-display: fallback;\r\n    font-family: Roboto;\r\n    font-weight: 700;\r\n    src: url(https:\/\/assets.brevo.com\/font\/Roboto\/Latin\/bold\/normal\/3ef7cf158f310cf752d5ad08cd0e7e60.woff2) format(\"woff2\"), url(https:\/\/assets.brevo.com\/font\/Roboto\/Latin\/bold\/normal\/ece3a1d82f18b60bcce0211725c476aa.woff) format(\"woff\")\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #sib-container input:-ms-input-placeholder {\r\n    text-align: left;\r\n    font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;\r\n    color: #c0ccda;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #sib-container input::placeholder {\r\n    text-align: left;\r\n    font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;\r\n    color: #c0ccda;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #sib-container textarea::placeholder {\r\n    text-align: left;\r\n    font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;\r\n    color: #c0ccda;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #sib-container a {\r\n    text-decoration: underline;\r\n    color: #2BB2FC;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  label.entry__label {\r\n  \tmargin-bottom:1px;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .sib-form {\r\n  \tpadding-left:0!important;\r\n  \tpadding-right:0!important;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #sib-container {\r\n  \tpadding:0!important;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .recaptcha-text {\r\n  \tfont-size:12px!important;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .recaptcha-text a {\r\n    color: #d8522c!important;\r\n    text-decoration: underline;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  button {\r\n    font-size:16px;\r\n    text-align:left;\r\n    font-weight:700;\r\n    font-family:Helvetica, sans-serif;\r\n    color:#FFFFFF;\r\n    background-color:#84a6ad;\r\n    border-radius:3px;\r\n    border-width:8px;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  button:hover {\r\n    color:#FFFFFF;\r\n    background-color:#333333;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  \/* --- Brevo Formular: 2-spaltiges Layout f\u00fcr die ersten 4 Felder --- *\/\r\n\r\n  \/* Grid auf die direkten Kinder des <form> anwenden (die Wrapper mit padding) *\/\r\n  #sib-container #sib-form {\r\n    display: grid;\r\n    grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;\r\n    column-gap: 16px;\r\n    row-gap: 0; \/* da die Wrapper schon padding haben *\/\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  \/* Alle Wrapper-Blocks standardm\u00e4\u00dfig: eine Spalte *\/\r\n  #sib-container #sib-form > div {\r\n    grid-column: span 1;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  \/* 5. Block = Email (vollbreit) *\/\r\n  #sib-container #sib-form > div:nth-of-type(5) {\r\n    grid-column: 1 \/ -1;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  \/* 6. Block = Button (vollbreit) *\/\r\n  #sib-container #sib-form > div:nth-of-type(6) {\r\n    grid-column: 1 \/ -1;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  \/* Hidden Inputs am Ende: vollbreit und ohne Layout-Effekt *\/\r\n  #sib-container #sib-form > input {\r\n    grid-column: 1 \/ -1;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  \/* Mobile: alles untereinander *\/\r\n  @media (max-width: 640px) {\r\n    #sib-container #sib-form {\r\n      grid-template-columns: 1fr;\r\n    }\r\n    #sib-container #sib-form > div,\r\n    #sib-container #sib-form > div:nth-of-type(5),\r\n    #sib-container #sib-form > div:nth-of-type(6) {\r\n      grid-column: 1 \/ -1;\r\n    }\r\n  }\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/style>\r\n<link rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https:\/\/sibforms.com\/forms\/end-form\/build\/sib-styles.css\">\r\n<!--  END - We recommend to place the above code in head tag of your website html -->\r\n\r\n<!-- START - We recommend to place the below code where you want the form in your website html  -->\r\n<div class=\"sib-form\" style=\"text-align: center; background-color: #ffffff;\">\r\n  <div id=\"sib-form-container\" class=\"sib-form-container\">\r\n    <div id=\"error-message\" class=\"sib-form-message-panel\" style=\"font-size:16px; text-align:left; font-family:Helvetica, sans-serif; color:#661d1d; background-color:#ffeded; border-radius:3px; border-color:#ff4949;max-width:540px;\">\r\n      <div class=\"sib-form-message-panel__text sib-form-message-panel__text--center\">\r\n        <svg viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" class=\"sib-icon sib-notification__icon\">\r\n          <path d=\"M256 40c118.621 0 216 96.075 216 216 0 119.291-96.61 216-216 216-119.244 0-216-96.562-216-216 0-119.203 96.602-216 216-216m0-32C119.043 8 8 119.083 8 256c0 136.997 111.043 248 248 248s248-111.003 248-248C504 119.083 392.957 8 256 8zm-11.49 120h22.979c6.823 0 12.274 5.682 11.99 12.5l-7 168c-.268 6.428-5.556 11.5-11.99 11.5h-8.979c-6.433 0-11.722-5.073-11.99-11.5l-7-168c-.283-6.818 5.167-12.5 11.99-12.5zM256 340c-15.464 0-28 12.536-28 28s12.536 28 28 28 28-12.536 28-28-12.536-28-28-28z\" \/>\r\n        <\/svg>\r\n        <span class=\"sib-form-message-panel__inner-text\">\r\n                          Deine Anmeldung konnte nicht gespeichert werden. Bitte versuche es erneut.\r\n                      <\/span>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n    <div><\/div>\r\n    <div id=\"success-message\" class=\"sib-form-message-panel\" style=\"font-size:16px; text-align:left; font-family:Helvetica, sans-serif; color:#085229; background-color:#e7faf0; border-radius:3px; border-color:#13ce66;max-width:540px;\">\r\n      <div class=\"sib-form-message-panel__text sib-form-message-panel__text--center\">\r\n        <svg viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" class=\"sib-icon sib-notification__icon\">\r\n          <path d=\"M256 8C119.033 8 8 119.033 8 256s111.033 248 248 248 248-111.033 248-248S392.967 8 256 8zm0 464c-118.664 0-216-96.055-216-216 0-118.663 96.055-216 216-216 118.664 0 216 96.055 216 216 0 118.663-96.055 216-216 216zm141.63-274.961L217.15 376.071c-4.705 4.667-12.303 4.637-16.97-.068l-85.878-86.572c-4.667-4.705-4.637-12.303.068-16.97l8.52-8.451c4.705-4.667 12.303-4.637 16.97.068l68.976 69.533 163.441-162.13c4.705-4.667 12.303-4.637 16.97.068l8.451 8.52c4.668 4.705 4.637 12.303-.068 16.97z\" \/>\r\n        <\/svg>\r\n        <span class=\"sib-form-message-panel__inner-text\">\r\n                          Deine Anmeldung war erfolgreich.\r\n                      <\/span>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n    <div><\/div>\r\n    <div id=\"sib-container\" class=\"sib-container--large sib-container--vertical\" style=\"text-align:center; background-color:rgba(255,255,255,1); max-width:800px; direction:ltr\">\r\n      <form id=\"sib-form\" method=\"POST\" action=\"https:\/\/24bf8055.sibforms.com\/serve\/MUIFAJW5hHXD-knlsGlqSNUcW_X6H-wyIG1XBfBHC1n-r5oWiLIKRNXRDNGHx0jhUUIpnWTh-6f1BKAE6jFyyE4DZupZc0qg-pyk2DusTzZA-sd2kmqr439RPzb-vYZRTRcXHsAxYa16e-8CaDLXh2IKxteM8S8ICusLl-WDN0JwkdZsIhe032CYNNlX8zi1nT5UbXdwGO0854j7\" data-type=\"subscription\">\r\n        <div style=\"padding: 8px 0;\">\r\n          <div class=\"sib-input sib-form-block\">\r\n            <div class=\"form__entry entry_block\">\r\n              <div class=\"form__label-row \">\r\n                <label class=\"entry__label\" style=\"font-weight: 500; text-align:left; font-size:16px; text-align:left; font-family:Helvetica, sans-serif; color:#3c4858;\" for=\"FIRSTNAME\" data-required=\"*\">First Name<\/label>\r\n\r\n                <div class=\"entry__field\">\r\n                  <input class=\"input \" maxlength=\"200\" type=\"text\" id=\"FIRSTNAME\" name=\"FIRSTNAME\" autocomplete=\"off\" data-required=\"true\" required \/>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n              <\/div>\r\n\r\n              <label class=\"entry__error entry__error--primary\" style=\"font-size:16px; text-align:left; font-family:Helvetica, sans-serif; color:#661d1d; background-color:#ffeded; border-radius:3px; border-color:#ff4949;\">\r\n              <\/label>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n          <\/div>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n        <div style=\"padding: 8px 0;\">\r\n          <div class=\"sib-input sib-form-block\">\r\n            <div class=\"form__entry entry_block\">\r\n              <div class=\"form__label-row \">\r\n                <label class=\"entry__label\" style=\"font-weight: 500; text-align:left; font-size:16px; text-align:left; font-family:Helvetica, sans-serif; color:#3c4858;\" for=\"LASTNAME\" data-required=\"*\">Last Name<\/label>\r\n\r\n                <div class=\"entry__field\">\r\n                  <input class=\"input \" maxlength=\"200\" type=\"text\" id=\"LASTNAME\" name=\"LASTNAME\" autocomplete=\"off\" data-required=\"true\" required \/>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n              <\/div>\r\n\r\n              <label class=\"entry__error entry__error--primary\" style=\"font-size:16px; text-align:left; font-family:Helvetica, sans-serif; color:#661d1d; background-color:#ffeded; border-radius:3px; border-color:#ff4949;\">\r\n              <\/label>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n          <\/div>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n        <div style=\"padding: 8px 0;\">\r\n          <div class=\"sib-input sib-form-block\">\r\n            <div class=\"form__entry entry_block\">\r\n              <div class=\"form__label-row \">\r\n                <label class=\"entry__label\" style=\"font-weight: 500; text-align:left; font-size:16px; text-align:left; font-family:Helvetica, sans-serif; color:#3c4858;\" for=\"COMPANY\">Company<\/label>\r\n\r\n                <div class=\"entry__field\">\r\n                  <input class=\"input \" maxlength=\"200\" type=\"text\" id=\"COMPANY\" name=\"COMPANY\" autocomplete=\"off\" \/>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n              <\/div>\r\n\r\n              <label class=\"entry__error entry__error--primary\" style=\"font-size:16px; text-align:left; font-family:Helvetica, sans-serif; color:#661d1d; background-color:#ffeded; border-radius:3px; border-color:#ff4949;\">\r\n              <\/label>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n          <\/div>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n        <div style=\"padding: 8px 0;\">\r\n          <div class=\"sib-input sib-form-block\">\r\n            <div class=\"form__entry entry_block\">\r\n              <div class=\"form__label-row \">\r\n                <label class=\"entry__label\" style=\"font-weight: 500; text-align:left; font-size:16px; text-align:left; font-family:Helvetica, sans-serif; color:#3c4858;\" for=\"COUNTRY\">Country<\/label>\r\n\r\n                <div class=\"entry__field\">\r\n                  <input class=\"input \" maxlength=\"200\" type=\"text\" id=\"COUNTRY\" name=\"COUNTRY\" autocomplete=\"off\" \/>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n              <\/div>\r\n\r\n              <label class=\"entry__error entry__error--primary\" style=\"font-size:16px; text-align:left; font-family:Helvetica, sans-serif; color:#661d1d; background-color:#ffeded; 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You can always use the unsubscribe link included in the newsletter.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":0,"parent":27517,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_searchwp_excluded":"","_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","neve_meta_reading_time":"","_themeisle_gutenberg_block_has_review":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-28557","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":false,"thumbnail":false,"medium":false,"medium_large":false,"large":false,"1536x1536":false,"2048x2048":false,"neve-blog":false},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"Gianni","author_link":"https:\/\/www.cubro.com\/en\/blog\/author\/gianni\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":null,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cubro.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/28557","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cubro.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cubro.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cubro.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/10"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cubro.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=28557"}],"version-history":[{"count":31,"href":"https:\/\/www.cubro.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/28557\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":28599,"href":"https:\/\/www.cubro.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/28557\/revisions\/28599"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cubro.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/27517"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cubro.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=28557"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}